certo, certare, certavi, certatus:
Verb · 1st conjugation · variant: 1st
- Frequency:
- Very Frequent
- Dictionary:
- Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD)
vie (with), contest, contend/struggle (at law/politics), dispute; fight, strive;
Conjugations
Finite Forms
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | certo | certamus |
| 2 | certas | certatis |
| 3 | certat | certant |
Infinitives
| Voice | Tense | Forms |
|---|---|---|
| active | present | certare |
| active | perfect | certavisse |
| passive | present | certari |
Imperatives
active
present
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | certa | certate |
future
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | certato | certatote |
| 3 | certato | certanto |
passive
present
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | certare | certamini |
future
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | certator | — |
| 3 | certator | certantor |
Participles
Perfect Passive Participle
masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certatus | certati |
| Gen. | certati | certatorum |
| Dat. | certato | — |
| Acc. | certatum | certatos |
| Voc. | certate | certati |
| Abl. | certato | — |
feminine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certata | certatae |
| Gen. | certatae | certatarum |
| Dat. | certatae | — |
| Acc. | certatam | certatas |
| Voc. | certata | certatae |
| Abl. | certata | — |
neuter
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certatum | certata |
| Gen. | certati | certatorum |
| Dat. | certato | — |
| Acc. | certatum | certata |
| Voc. | certatum | certata |
| Abl. | certato | — |
Gerundive
masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certandus | — |
| Gen. | certandi | — |
| Dat. | certando | — |
| Acc. | certandum | — |
| Voc. | certande | — |
| Abl. | certando | — |
feminine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certanda | — |
| Gen. | certandae | — |
| Dat. | certandae | — |
| Acc. | certandam | — |
| Voc. | certanda | — |
| Abl. | certanda | — |
neuter
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certandum | — |
| Gen. | certandi | — |
| Dat. | certando | — |
| Acc. | certandum | — |
| Voc. | certandum | — |
| Abl. | certando | — |
Supines
accusative: certatum; ablative: certatu
Examples
Aeneid V
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...undis. non iam prima peto Mnestheus neque vincere certo (quamquam o!—sed superent quibus hoc, Neptune, dedisti); extremos..."Aeneid XII
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...lenta, levis cursu, praefixa hastilia ferro, horum unum certo contorquens derigit ictu. substitit Aeneas et se collegit..."Liber IV
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Georgics
"...corpora guttis. Haec potior suboles, hinc caeli tempore certo dulcia mella premes, nec tantum dulcia, quantum et liquida..."In Catilinam I
Marcus Tullius Cicero from Catilinarian Orations
"...Kalendas Novembris dicere in senatu fore in armis certo die, qui dies futurus esset ante diem..."In Catilinam III
Marcus Tullius Cicero from Catilinarian Orations
"...neque lingua deerat. Iam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat. Neque vero, cum aliquid..."Liber Tertius
Marcus Tullius Cicero from De Finibus
"...certus quidam est datus, sic vita agenda est certo genere quodam, non quolibet; quod genus conveniens consentaneumque dicimus..."Metamorphoses II
Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid) from Metamorphoses
"...pectus; ultima prona via est et eget moderamine certo: tunc etiam quae me subiectis excipit undis, ne ferar..."Aeneid I
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...montis insuper altos imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas..."