certo, certare, certavi, certatus:
Verb · 1st conjugation · variant: 1st
- Frequency:
- Very Frequent
- Dictionary:
- Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD)
vie (with), contest, contend/struggle (at law/politics), dispute; fight, strive;
Conjugations
Finite Forms
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | certo | certamus |
| 2 | certas | certatis |
| 3 | certat | certant |
Infinitives
| Voice | Tense | Forms |
|---|---|---|
| active | present | certare |
| active | perfect | certavisse |
| passive | present | certari |
Imperatives
active
present
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | certa | certate |
future
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | certato | certatote |
| 3 | certato | certanto |
passive
present
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | certare | certamini |
future
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | certator | — |
| 3 | certator | certantor |
Participles
Perfect Passive Participle
masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certatus | certati |
| Gen. | certati | certatorum |
| Dat. | certato | — |
| Acc. | certatum | certatos |
| Voc. | certate | certati |
| Abl. | certato | — |
feminine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certata | certatae |
| Gen. | certatae | certatarum |
| Dat. | certatae | — |
| Acc. | certatam | certatas |
| Voc. | certata | certatae |
| Abl. | certata | — |
neuter
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certatum | certata |
| Gen. | certati | certatorum |
| Dat. | certato | — |
| Acc. | certatum | certata |
| Voc. | certatum | certata |
| Abl. | certato | — |
Gerundive
masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certandus | — |
| Gen. | certandi | — |
| Dat. | certando | — |
| Acc. | certandum | — |
| Voc. | certande | — |
| Abl. | certando | — |
feminine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certanda | — |
| Gen. | certandae | — |
| Dat. | certandae | — |
| Acc. | certandam | — |
| Voc. | certanda | — |
| Abl. | certanda | — |
neuter
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | certandum | — |
| Gen. | certandi | — |
| Dat. | certando | — |
| Acc. | certandum | — |
| Voc. | certandum | — |
| Abl. | certando | — |
Supines
accusative: certatum; ablative: certatu
Examples
- P
Aeneid V
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...undis. non iam prima peto Mnestheus neque vincere certo (quamquam o!—sed superent quibus hoc, Neptune, dedisti); extremos..." - P
Aeneid XII
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...lenta, levis cursu, praefixa hastilia ferro, horum unum certo contorquens derigit ictu. substitit Aeneas et se collegit..." - P
Liber IV
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Georgics
"...corpora guttis. Haec potior suboles, hinc caeli tempore certo dulcia mella premes, nec tantum dulcia, quantum et liquida..." - M
In Catilinam I
Marcus Tullius Cicero from Catilinarian Orations
"...Kalendas Novembris dicere in senatu fore in armis certo die, qui dies futurus esset ante diem..." - M
In Catilinam III
Marcus Tullius Cicero from Catilinarian Orations
"...neque lingua deerat. Iam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat. Neque vero, cum aliquid..." - M
Liber Tertius
Marcus Tullius Cicero from De Finibus
"...certus quidam est datus, sic vita agenda est certo genere quodam, non quolibet; quod genus conveniens consentaneumque dicimus..." - P
Metamorphoses II
Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid) from Metamorphoses
"...pectus; ultima prona via est et eget moderamine certo: tunc etiam quae me subiectis excipit undis, ne ferar..." - P
Aeneid I
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...montis insuper altos imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas..."