sum, esse, fui, futurus:
Verb · 5th conjugation · variant: 1st · Compounds of “to be”
be; exist; (irregular verb sum/esse)
Conjugations
Finite Forms
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | sum | sumus |
| 2 | es | estis |
| 3 | est | sunt |
Infinitives
| Voice | Tense | Forms |
|---|---|---|
| active | present | esse |
| active | future | fore |
| active | perfect | fuisse |
Imperatives
active
present
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | es | este |
future
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | esto | estote |
| 3 | esto | sunto |
Participles
Perfect Passive Participle
masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | futus | futi |
| Gen. | futi | futorum |
| Dat. | futo | — |
| Acc. | futum | futos |
| Voc. | fute | futi |
| Abl. | futo | — |
feminine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | futa | futae |
| Gen. | futae | futarum |
| Dat. | futae | — |
| Acc. | futam | futas |
| Voc. | futa | futae |
| Abl. | futa | — |
neuter
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | futum | futa |
| Gen. | futi | futorum |
| Dat. | futo | — |
| Acc. | futum | futa |
| Voc. | futum | futa |
| Abl. | futo | — |
Supines
accusative: futum; ablative: futu
Examples
Res Gestae II
Caesar Augustus from Res Gestae Divi Augusti
"...curulis triumphos et appella[tus sum v]iciens et semel imperator. [decernente plu]ris triumphos mihi sena..."Aeneid I
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...aequora vectos forte sua Libycis tempestas adpulit oris. Sum pius Aeneas, raptos qui ex hoste Penates classe veho..."Aeneid III
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...pignore firmat. ille haec deposita tandem formidine fatur: 'sum patria ex Ithaca, comes infelicis Ulixi, nomine Achaemenides, Troiam..."Aeneid IV
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...date tela, impellite remos! quid loquor? aut ubi sum? quae mentem insania mutat? infelix Dido, nunc te facta..."Aeneid VI
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...nefas Stygia vectare carina. nec vero Alciden me sum laetatus euntem accepisse lacu, nec Thesea Pirithoumque, dis quamquam..."Aeneid VIII
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...supplicibus supera votis. mihi victor honorem persolves. ego sum pleno quem flumine cernis stringentem ripas et pinguia culta..."Aeneid IX
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...habet? hoc mihi de te, nate, refers? hoc sum terraque marique secuta? figite me, si qua est pietas..."Res Gestae I
Caesar Augustus from Res Gestae Divi Augusti
"...ovans triumphavi, tris egi curulis triumphos et appellatus sum viciens et semel imperator. Cum autem pluris triumphos mihi..."