sum, esse, fui, futurus:
Verb · 5th conjugation · variant: 1st · Compounds of “to be”
be; exist; (irregular verb sum/esse)
Conjugations
Finite Forms
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | sum | sumus |
| 2 | es | estis |
| 3 | est | sunt |
Infinitives
| Voice | Tense | Forms |
|---|---|---|
| active | present | esse |
| active | future | fore |
| active | perfect | fuisse |
Imperatives
active
present
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | es | este |
future
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | esto | estote |
| 3 | esto | sunto |
Participles
Perfect Passive Participle
masculine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | futus | futi |
| Gen. | futi | futorum |
| Dat. | futo | — |
| Acc. | futum | futos |
| Voc. | fute | futi |
| Abl. | futo | — |
feminine
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | futa | futae |
| Gen. | futae | futarum |
| Dat. | futae | — |
| Acc. | futam | futas |
| Voc. | futa | futae |
| Abl. | futa | — |
neuter
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | futum | futa |
| Gen. | futi | futorum |
| Dat. | futo | — |
| Acc. | futum | futa |
| Voc. | futum | futa |
| Abl. | futo | — |
Supines
accusative: futum; ablative: futu
Examples
- C
Res Gestae II
Caesar Augustus from Res Gestae Divi Augusti
"...curulis triumphos et appella[tus sum v]iciens et semel imperator. [decernente plu]ris triumphos mihi sena..." - P
Aeneid I
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...aequora vectos forte sua Libycis tempestas adpulit oris. Sum pius Aeneas, raptos qui ex hoste Penates classe veho..." - P
Aeneid III
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...pignore firmat. ille haec deposita tandem formidine fatur: 'sum patria ex Ithaca, comes infelicis Ulixi, nomine Achaemenides, Troiam..." - P
Aeneid IV
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...date tela, impellite remos! quid loquor? aut ubi sum? quae mentem insania mutat? infelix Dido, nunc te facta..." - P
Aeneid VI
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...nefas Stygia vectare carina. nec vero Alciden me sum laetatus euntem accepisse lacu, nec Thesea Pirithoumque, dis quamquam..." - P
Aeneid VIII
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...supplicibus supera votis. mihi victor honorem persolves. ego sum pleno quem flumine cernis stringentem ripas et pinguia culta..." - P
Aeneid IX
P. Vergilius Maro (Vergil) from The Aeneid
"...habet? hoc mihi de te, nate, refers? hoc sum terraque marique secuta? figite me, si qua est pietas..." - C
Res Gestae I
Caesar Augustus from Res Gestae Divi Augusti
"...ovans triumphavi, tris egi curulis triumphos et appellatus sum viciens et semel imperator. Cum autem pluris triumphos mihi..."